Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Space-Time Light-Sheet Microscopy

doi: 10.64898/2026.04.10.717581

Figure Lengend Snippet: (a) Standard Gaussian light-sheet microscopy with a 40× high-NA objective yields optimal axial sectioning but a limited FoV (displayed in the single-plane image ) due to rapid beam divergence. (b) A cylindrical lens extends the illumination prop­agation and enables a wider imaging FoV but degrades axial resolution, resulting in the blurred z-sections shown in the single-plane image . (c) By integrating spatial ( k z ) and temporal ( λ ) phase modulation, ST-LSM generates propagation-invariant light-sheets, de­livering both λ -scale z-sectioning and extended imaging FoV. Phase-space insets ( Φ , k y , k z in (a) and (b) , and Φ , k z , λ in (c) illustrate the phase ( Φ ) of the illumination beam struc­ture in each configuration. Root tissue bioimaging examples are included to illustrate the performance in axial resolution ( z-section ) and FoV ( xy-projection ).

Article Snippet: To characterize the imaging FoV of ST-LSM, we employed both a Rhodamine 6G solution (∼0.1 mg/ml, AC419010050, Thermo Scientific Chemicals) and fluorescent YG particles (1 μm, 500 nm, and 200 nm diameter particles, 17154-10, 15700-10 and 15700-10,17151-10 Polysciences Inc.) embedded in an agarose gel.

Techniques: Microscopy, Imaging

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Space-Time Light-Sheet Microscopy

doi: 10.64898/2026.04.10.717581

Figure Lengend Snippet: (a) Conven­tional Gaussian beam with no phase modulation yielding a 35 μm-thick light-sheet ( right ), as shown in the measured z–y projection ( center column ). (b) A STWP with a moderate phase gradient generates a thinner beam (∼1.2 μm), though with considerable side-lobe intensity. (c-d) Decreasing the angular spread of the STWP modulation further sharpens the beam, yielding axial thicknesses of ∼1.4 μm and ∼1.6 μm, respectively, however, with enhanced side-lobe suppression. Left column: depicts the phase masks used to synthe­size each ST with the respective θ values displayed in the intensity profiles ( middle col­umn) ; right column plots the extracted intensity cross-sections across the z-axis at the beam focus, confirming the wavelength-scale optical sectioning in ST-LSM configurations.

Article Snippet: To characterize the imaging FoV of ST-LSM, we employed both a Rhodamine 6G solution (∼0.1 mg/ml, AC419010050, Thermo Scientific Chemicals) and fluorescent YG particles (1 μm, 500 nm, and 200 nm diameter particles, 17154-10, 15700-10 and 15700-10,17151-10 Polysciences Inc.) embedded in an agarose gel.

Techniques:

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Space-Time Light-Sheet Microscopy

doi: 10.64898/2026.04.10.717581

Figure Lengend Snippet: Volumetric reconstruction of a live Medicago truncatula root expressing a fluorescent protein. A widefield image (blue/gray) shows the entire root, with the boxed region is rendered in 3D using ST-LSM (green). Four representative cross-sections (1–4) illustrate internal structural detail over a depth of ∼400 μm.

Article Snippet: To characterize the imaging FoV of ST-LSM, we employed both a Rhodamine 6G solution (∼0.1 mg/ml, AC419010050, Thermo Scientific Chemicals) and fluorescent YG particles (1 μm, 500 nm, and 200 nm diameter particles, 17154-10, 15700-10 and 15700-10,17151-10 Polysciences Inc.) embedded in an agarose gel.

Techniques: Expressing